Search results for "réseaux écologiques"

Impacts écologiques des formes d'urbanisation : modélisations urbaines et paysagères

2015

The global increase of urbanization during the past decades have induced a progressive artificialization of natural environments. The building of transport infrastructures and new housings causes a landscape fragmentation in an irreversible way and a strong decrease of the connectivity of ecological habitats. Maintaining the functionality of ecological networks is becoming a major goal of sustainable urban planning policies. With a special focus on urban evolutions in the horizon 2030 in the urban area of Besançon in eastern France (residential development and road traffic evolutions), this thesis aims to assess the potential impact of urban forms on landscape connectivity of animal species…

Le paysage, entre esthétique & écologie : modélisation rétrospective à partir de changements d'occupation du sol

2016

Landscape is both a backdrop to the lives of human populations and a medium for the life cycle of animal species. Landscape changes induced by land-use and land-cover dynamics affect both these dimensions, the one aesthetic, and the other ecological. Because these rationales areusually studied within different disciplines, little research has been done into how the two clashor combine as and when landscape structures change. This work seeks therefore to model the spatial co-evolution of the aesthetic and ecological functions of landscape retrospectively usingspatial metrics based on land-cover data. It focuses on changes in the urban fringes of two French cities (Paris and Besançon) over th…

Fragmentation des habitats et interactions hôtes-parasites

2021

Habitat fragmentation is one of the main threats to global biodiversity and despite an abundant literature on the impact of fragmentation on species abundance and diversity, the consequences of this global change in terms of ecological and evolutionary processes remain poorly understood. Beyond their direct contribution to biodiversity, as species-rich category of organisms, parasites could be involved in biodiversity change as key actors of ecological and evolutionary processes. The present work aims to understand the effect of forest fragmentation on host-parasite interactions. It is based on a large sampling carried out in the Lesser Antilles and in French Guiana, and allowing the obtent…

Protocole d'évaluation de l'impact d'une infrastructure linéaire de transport sur les réseaux écologiques : approche diachronique sur une espèce virt…

2012

Des modèles au terrain : quel apport des graphes paysagers pour la gestion des réseaux écologiques ?

2017

National audience